Barclays PEST Analysis and Strategy

Barclays PEST Analysis and Strategy Jump to: Barclays PEST Analysis Barclays is a major global financial services provider engaged in retail and commercial banking, credit cards, investment banking, wealth management and investment management services, with an extensive international presence in Europe, the USA, Africa and Asia. With over 300 years of history and expertise in banking, Barclays operates in over 50 countries and employs over 150,000 people. Barclays moves, lends, invests and protects money for over 42 million customers and clients worldwide (www.barclays.com). Barclays Group strategy overview Barclays ambition is to become one of the handfuls of universal banks leading the global financial services industry. This means offering a full range of retail and wholesale services to customers and clients throughout the world. These services include: retail, business and private banking, credit cards, investment banking, investment management and wealth management. The banks strategy follows a simple premise: anticipate the needs of their customers and clients, then serve them by helping them achieve their goals (www.barclays.com). Introduction of the External Marketing Environment No business operates with out rules and regulations any business is surrounded by laws and liabilities, pressure groups and public bodies, customers and competitors. These are part of the marketing environment that the organisation works within, and since marketing is the interface between the organisation and the outside world, dealing with this environment is a major part of marketers work (Jim Blythe 2008) The external marketing environment analysis is the first stage of auditing process. It creates the information and analysis necessary for an organisation to begin to identify the key issues it will need to address in order to develop successful strategy. As environment of business has never been the so complex as it is today you need a grasp of the big picture, the role of organisation and yourself within it. System theory makes clear that every organisation operates within an industry setting that in turn interacts with a societal environment that is itself influenced by a global marketplace. The global market environment appears very distant to marketers operating on a regional or even national scale, but with the information technologies shrinking distances, these multinational operation are extending into every corner of the market place (Mike Oldroyd 2006, Graeme Drummond, John Ensor, Ruth Ashford 2008). Therefore the marketing environment is The external forces that directly or indirectly influence an organizations acquisition of inputs and generation of outputs, comprising six categories of forces: political, legal, regulatory, societal/green, technological, and economic/competitive (Dibb et al, 2006: 68). Within any society, all businesses face a common political, economic, social and technological environment, although any one element will often impact differently according to the size and situation of the firm (Mike Oldroyd 2006). Whether a market fluctuates rapidly or slowly, environmental forces are always dynamic. Changing in the marketing environment can create uncertainty, threats and opportunities for the marketers. Although the future is not very predictable, marketers can estimate what will happen, although some fail to do so, thus negatively affecting the performance of their businesses. It can be stated with certainty that marketers will continue to modify their market ing strategies in response to the dynamic environment. Furthermore, marketing managers who fail to recognise changes in environmental forces leave their firms unprepared to capitalize on marketing opportunities or to cope with the changes created in the marketing environment (Dibb et al, 2006: 68) Research Methodology Using PEST analysis to understand your environment PEST analysis is designed to provide a focused framework to assist you in establishing your objectives. It will take the result of your marketing audit and place them in a logical format to ensure that you have considered all of the factors that could affect your market (Phil Stone 2001) Barclays PEST Analysis Political Environment In every country there are rules and regulations that all businesses need to follow in order to operate legally. Government at both national and local levels can affect companies not only on a day-day basis through law, policies and authority but also a strategic level by creating opportunities and threats. Specifically, these arise because at competitive level the government can determine industry structure via monopoly and restrictive trade practices legislations further. Legislations will encourage competition so that customers can have more options (Dale Littler and Dominic Wilson 1995). So there is a range of political organisations that have to be considered when looking at the influences in this area of the audit. The structure of a political system defines the centres of political influence. A state with a federal political structure will differ from a unitary political system. In the UK there is a parliament for Scotland and an assembly for Wales. However some of the responsibilities are still the responsibility of Westminster parliament. There is also string of decisions taking place both politically and legally within the framework of European Union. Political groups such Greenpeace can also effect the political agenda. Therefore when considering these area of the environment a much wider view has to be taken than just the domestic national government or legal process (reference). Banks are fighting for survival because the current situation in the world economy the UK government is giving support to banks by intervening. The government has pledged to spend up to  £37bn to buy stakes in three banks Royal Bank of Scotland, Lloyds TSB and HBOS. The Bank of England has lent further billions of pounds to the wider banking sector (bbc.co.uk). The UK Treasury has announced a financial lifeline, which could ultimately be worth up to  £500bn, to try and stabilise the UK banking sector. Opposition parties broadly backed the plans, which could see the government inject up to  £50bn in capital essentially taxpayers money into leading banks and building societies. As fears of a prolonged global recession rise, the Bank of England, the US Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank each announced an emergency 0.5% cut in interest rates. But this unprecedented move has had only a limited impact on the turbulent stock markets. Despite recovering slightly, the FTSE 100 was still down 2% in London by mid-afternoon while markets in Germany and France were down by more than 3%. But in the US, the Dow Jones rallied in early trading after the sharp falls of recent days. In another key development, the UK government moved to protect deposit holders in UK offshoots of Icelandic banks, threatening legal action against Iceland to rec over money from one collapsed bank (bbc.co.uk) However Barclays did not seek help from the UK government in the current economic crisis instead they raised cash from Middle Eastern investors (www.telegraph.co.uk). Economic Environment The economy is closely linked with political environment, it consists the current and future state of key economic variables used to describe the wealth, purchasing power, savings and consumption together with the government economic policies deployed to effect those variable. These include the effect of inflation, interest rates and exchange rates and will have impact on the cost, prices, competitiveness and profitability of the business. In terms of strategic marketing tasks, of prime importance as part of the strategic planning process is the identification, monitoring and forecasting of those economic variables to which the companys market effort is most sensitive. So understanding of the key economic indicators provides the necessary information for anticipating developments in the market place. Economic uncertainties impact negatively on business and consumer confidence so the key marketing task is to attempt to realize the relationships between movements in the economy and cha nges in the market place. Social Environment This is perhaps the most difficult for the marketer to identify evaluate and respond to it. It is a complex of demographics it includes changes in population characteristics educational standards, culture, lifestyle attitudes and beliefs. The way we think, we live and behave is the outcome of complex cultural conditioning by family, friends, schools, work and various media. It conditions who decides what we buy, where and when we buy it, and whether we credit or cash for example 45 percent of consumers agreed that they give into temptation and buy things because they like them and not because they need them. This was up from 30 percent 20 years ago. So businesses need to consider the changing demographic trends in their business and the changing social climate in different parts of the world (Dale Littler and Dominic Wilson 1995, Phil Stone 2001 and Mike Oldroyd 2006). Peoples lifestyle are changing because in todays world expectations are higher as people have become more wealthy, they have come to expect more. In twenty first century Britain, few people would consider living with out a telephone, television, refrigerator, car, bank account or credit cards. In 1960s all these products were examples of things owned by only a minority of the population so the marketer will be concerned with all the influences affecting the customers choice (Jim Blythe 2008 and Mike Oldroyd 2006) Barclays Financial Planning has launched two new pensions products to rival stakeholder pensions. According to the bank, customers can choose either a basic investment solution, comparable to a stakeholder product, or to diversify their pension assets, including the option of a select choice fund proposition. Barclays director of investment advice and products David Stuart says the new pensions offer everyday pensions investors something much more flexible than a stakeholder plan but without the more complicated structure or cost implications of a full Sipp. (www.moneymarketing.co.uk) Technological Environment Technology has become one of the most important factors affecting businesses over the last decade. The development of information technology has impacted in the way business is conducted. For example the use of faxes and e-mail and opportunities created by the internet (Phil Stone 2001). For many businesses the use of internet as marketing tool is little understood and certainly not appreciated internet can be very efficient marketing tool creating world-wide opportunities for even smaller one employee businesses style. Barclays must consider the use of latest available technology (Phil Stone 2001) in order to stay competitive with other banks E.G. HSBC because few serious marketers would consider not having a corporate website. Yet only ten years ago such websites were rare, and were often merely presence sites which directed visitors to a telephone number or address (Jim Blythe 2008). New technologies create new markets and opportunities (Philip Kotler and Gary Armstrong2004) Conclusion A company will not have strategic marketing planning process with out taking into consideration in to the external marketing environment as this vital in the company ability to operate as business. Because any organisation is surrounded by laws and liabilities, pressures groups and public bodies, customers and competitors. These liabilities are part of the marketing environment that the organisation works within. And since marketing is at the interface between organisation and the outside world, dealing with this environment is a major part of marketers work (stone Phil 2001). Barclays external environment is undertaken in order to discover the opportunities and threats that are evolving and that need to be addressed by the company (Graeme Drummond, John Ensor, Ruth Ashford 2008). External environmental analysis will provide Barclays with a wider perspective on the future marketing objectives of the business. It concentrates on the future of the business. PEST analysis must be forward looking based on existing knowledge. It is in this way that you can establish objectives that will either counter the threats that you will face in the market or exploit the opportunities that you will find. Barclays need to act socially responsible because this can give them competitive advantage through good media feedback and this will reflect on the way customers see the Barclays so reputation is important. A successful marketing plan is all about gaining competitive advantage. It is therefore virtually important you do assess all of your options carefully (Stone Phil 2001) References Stone, Phil. (2001) Develop a winning marketing plan, Oldroyd, Mike 2006 Marketing environment Drummond, G. Ensor, J. Ashford, R. 2008. Strategic Marketing : planning and control. 3rd edition. Amsterdam ; London: Butterworth-Heinemann Blythe, J. 2008 Essentials of Marketing 4th edition. Kotler, P. Armstrong, G. 2004 Principles of Marketing 10th edition. International edition. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7747608.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7658518.stm http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/3539562/RBS-six-month-repossession-delay-pledge-will-have-limited-impact-say-analysts.html http://www.moneymarketing.co.uk/cgi-bin/item.cgi?id=177908d=340h=341f=342 http://www.aboutbarclays.com/content/detail.asp?NewsAreaID=111 http://www.aboutbarclays.com/

Between A City Life and a Country Life Essay

There are benefits of living a city life and a country life. The country life has better life style because there is less people to deal with. Crime rate is reduce in the country life. You got more things you can do without having people complain. It is peaceful and quiet. The city life advantages is easy way to get to a job. A faster way to get to the supermarket, Restaurant, Movie theater. The disadvantages of city life is that is way to crowded and crime rate is high and too much noise. see more:country living vs city living One of the advantages of the city life it is a moderate city. It has a lot of opportunity for jobs and other places. A good education because it has a lot of schools in the city and you can always know where to find your kid to pick him up. There are more places to shop for groceries in the city. There are more things to do with friends. Another advantages of the city life is lot of places to live in the city. They are more houses for sale and apartments to rent in the city so it will be easy to find a place and more people to help you pay for the rent. More easy access to get money out from ATM machine all over the city. A third advantage is that a lot of places are hiring so it is easy to get a job and when you live in a city you can get to job your faster and you will save gas. The disadvantages of the city life is they are more violence and murder. They are more cops because of the crimes that are committed in the city. Another thing is the pollution in the city because lot of people drive and take the bus and all of the factory and business that release chemicals in the air harming the city. Another disadvantages is the you have to follow house rules and community rules. You have to keep your house and lawn neat all the time. Another disadvantages is that you cant do certain things that you want to do without breaking the rule of the community. The advantages of the country life are that you got a whole land to yourself and you can do anything you want on your property. The crime rate is down and there is less murder. Another advantages for a country life is that you can have bon fire and party without noise complain. You also can do mudding in your house in the country life. Another advantage is for country life that you can have a farm and sell livestock and raise animals without too much people complain. A third advantages is that you can go fishing on your own property and not get into trouble, also you can skin a deer in your own property. The disadvantages of the country life is that you live to far away from the city so you will be wasting more gas to go to stores and other places to get stuff that you need to live. Second you have to deal with the smell of other people animals. Also you may not get cable or internet because some cable company don’t go out to the country side. A third disadvantages is that you have to deal with the hard work that you have to do if you buy any farm. Both life styles have good qualities and bad qualities. I believe that country life is better because the peace and quiet. The country life is a place for people that love to work and love to just have they own land that they can take care. I prefer country life over city life because I like the peace and quiet of the country and not the noisy life style of the city life. The country life style is the better choice for people who like the peace and quiet life style.

Whole Foods Inc Case Study - 1200 Words

Introduction Industry Overview The Whole Foods Inc was founded in 1980 by john Mackey, from a local supermarket store on safe grocery. Since then, it has grown into the world’s largest retail store all kinds of organic and natural foods. As of 2004, the annual sales were recorded as $8 billion. It has approximately 264 stores in the USA, 6 in Canada and 5 in the United Kingdom (Thomson, 2010). The headquarters are located on an 80,000 square feet flagship store in Austin, Texas. Over the years, the organization has had its fare shares of issues both in the internal and external environment, admitted by its CEO John Mackey. He said that the retail enterprise had 2008 as its toughest years yet. The following year, whole foods recorded its first decrease in the first quarter report. The natural foods market is highly competitive. It is assumed that the natural foods are largely or wholly free of the artificially added preservatives and ingredients including the none-naturally occurring/industrially manufactured chemicals. They are said to be as near to their natural state as possible (Harbin Humphrey (2009). The foods are grown without the use of pesticides and antibiotics, hormones, synthetic chemicals, artificial fertilizers, preservatives, dyes and additives or the genetically engineered intended to boost their growth to a possible double yield (Thomson, 2010). It is believed that all organic foods are fresh fruits, vegetables, meats and processed foods that have been:Show MoreRelatedWhole Foods Market Inc. Case Study Essay1200 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the Whole Foods Market Inc. case, study shows that Whole Foods Market is an American supermarket chain exclusively featuring foods without artificial preservatives, colors, flavors, sweeteners, and h ydrogenated fats. It is the United States first certified organic grocer, which means it ensures, to National Organic Program standards, organic integrity of the heterogeneous products from the time they reach stores until they are placed in a shopping cart. Whole Foods Market Inc. opened itsRead MoreIntegration Of Whole Foods Into Abc Company1618 Words   |  7 Pages Case Study YourFirstName YourLastName University title                Integration of Whole Foods into ABC Company Name: Affiliation:                            According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, there are more than 34.9% of the adult population who are obese in the United States. They, therefore, suffer or are prone to conditions related to obesity such as type II diabetes, heart disease and some cancer types and some of these are the leading causes of those deaths that areRead MoreWhole foods case study Essay870 Words   |  4 PagesNovember 27, 2013 HRM 598 Case Study Introduction Whole Foods Market, Inc. is the largest chain of natural foods supermarkets operating in the United States. Whole Foods has six core values that drive its company and they include; selling the highest quality natural and organic products, satisfying and delighting customers, supporting their Team Members (Whole Food Employees) happiness and growth, creating wealth through profits and growth, caring about the communities and our environment, creatingRead MoreAnalysis of Food Inc.1594 Words   |  7 PagesStudies have shown that many people all over the world are unaware of where their food comes from. When an individual goes to consume a food product, he or she could be completely oblivious to the methods of manufacture, processing, packaging or transportation gone into the production of the food item. It is often said that ‘ignorance is bliss’ – perhaps this rings true in the case of food, its origins and its consumption as well. In such a scenario, eating well c ould seem like an unlikely prospectRead MoreWild Oats Case Study1212 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION: Founded in 1987, Wild Oats Markets, Inc. is a leading natural and organic foods retailer in the United States. Headquartered in Boulder, Colorado, the company operates over 100 natural food stores in 25 states and Canada under several names, including Wild Oats Natural Marketplace, Henry’s Farmer’s Market, Sun Harvest Farms, and Capers Community Market. The owners, Michael Gilliand and Libby Cook, lacked experience in the natural/whole foods market and the first store got off to a slowRead MoreVital Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Essay1632 Words   |  7 PagesVital Pharmaceuticals Inc. (VPX) is a supplement company whose mission is: â€Å"To produce the highest-grade, university proven sports nutrition supplements and performance beverages in the world† 1. While there have been several clinical studies on VPX products as a whole, which have helped back their product claims, the company have not tested all 39 products they manufacture. However there is enough base level research on individual ingredients found in the products that can help prove the legitimacyRead MoreCase Analysis of Whole Foods Decides to Open in Detroit1092 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Case Analysis of Whole Foods Decides to Open in Detroit Company Background Whole Foods Market, Inc. is an American foods supermarket chain specializing in finest natural and organic foods with locations in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. It was founded by John Mackey and his girlfriend Rene Lawson on September 20,1980, and today Whole Foods Market is headquartered in Austin, Texas. The current CEO is the founder John Mackey. Whole foods Market is the largest U.S. retailer of naturalRead MoreNutritional Supplements For Athletes, Professional Bodybuilders, And Fitness Enthusiasts For More Than 22 Years1531 Words   |  7 PagesProlab Nutrition Inc. is regarded as the producer of high-quality sports supplements to elite athletes, professional bodybuilders, and fitness enthusiasts for more than 22 years. The company boasts about helping pioneered a sport-specific perspective to athletes’ nutrition. The company specializes in scientifically developed single ingredient and formulas products that permit athletes to customize nutrition sup plement arrangements to satisfy specific physique and training objectives, as well as,Read MoreWhole Foods Value Chain1282 Words   |  6 PagesReferences†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 5 Introduction Whole Foods started in 1980 when it’s CEO, John Mackey merged his store, SaferWay, with a competitor, Clarksville Natural Grocery. Since then, Whole Foods has expanded to 275 locations in North America and United Kingdom with 47,000 employees, making it the world’s leading supermarket retailer of natural and organic products (Harbin and Humphrey, 2013). With a mission to promote the vitality and well- being of individuals, Whole Foods strives to maintain the strictestRead MoreSwot Analysis : Whole Foods Market1618 Words   |  7 Pagesof this study is an examination of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and treats (SWOT) related to Whole Foods Market, Inc. Much of the research and information originates from the company’s 2014 annual report. The Form10-K, reputable internet sources and the Whole Foods Market company website provided the data and information to establish a complete SWOT analysis. The research and SWOT analysis has been used to recommend a strategy for growth and sustainability of Whole Foods Market.

First Grade Math Greater or Less Than Worksheets to 20

Vaccines And Immunizations On Children And Their Development

â€Å"Vaccines are harmful to children they cause Autism, allergies, and death.† We have all heard someone say gruesome things about Vaccines and Immunizations, but what is the truth? In my research I have found that vaccines and immunizations can cause harmful effects on children and their development, but I have also gathered that they can cause a safer environment. Immunizations and vaccines are two different things, which is very misunderstood making parents stop vaccinations and immunizations to their child. Rolling Stones magazine published an article called Deadly Immunity in 2005; this article suggested that the rumors of vaccines and immunizations are correct. The rumors are true about several vaccinations and immunizations, also the government tried to cover this up; suggested Rolling Stones article. â€Å"When a study revealed that mercury in childhood vaccines may have caused autism in thousands of kids, the government rushed to conceal the data,† the govern ment tried covering this information up to protect the vaccine industries, and to stop an uproar. In order to keep this top secret news covered up the government had to pay a company to take out the mercury and toss the data of the old. Young children were being given harmful vaccines and immunizations that could cause several side effects like autism, and speech delays, â€Å"Tom Verstraeten, who had analyzed the agency s massive database containing the medical records of 100,000 children, a mercury-based preservative inShow MoreRelatedImmunization Provides Direct And Effective Protection Against Preventable Diseases Essay1438 Words   |  6 PagesImmunization provides direct and effective protection against preventable diseases, and hence it is one of the most cost effective public health interventions. Vaccines are preventing 2-3 million deaths due to diphtheria, pertussis(whooping cough) tetanus and measles worldwide. WHO launched the Expanded Immunization Program (EPI) in 1974 against 6 vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) namely, diphtheria, polio, tuberculosis, pertussis, measles and tetanus. Government of India introduced EPI in 1978Read MoreBenefits And Risks Of Recommended Child Immunizations Essay1461 Wo rds   |  6 Pagesrisks of recommended child immunizations. The potential risks involve health outcomes but not limited to asthma, learning disorders, seizures, and autism. Even with extensive research, there has been question on whether enough resEarch has gone into addressing the long term outcomes and the entire immunization schedule. Engaging parents in the stages of development is crucial to address any concerns about the childhood vaccines. The process of development of these vaccines have undergone years of approvalRead MoreVaccinations Are Necessary For Our Youth1305 Words   |  6 Pageshave been many incidences where certain individuals’ immune systems put them at risk of becoming more ill and this keeps them from receiving their scheduled immunizations. The benefits that these shots provide outweigh the risks for most of the country’s youth. In order to maintain the safety of the public and protect the health of children, the scheduled vaccinations should be maintained by all families throughout our country. This is the only way to lessen the effects of disease and keep our youngRead MoreThe Vaccine Controversy Essay examples1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vaccine Controversy Janira Sanchez Intro to Biology Professor Martin July 22, 2010 The Vaccine Controversy The vaccine controversy is the dispute over the morality, ethics, effectiveness, and /or safety of vaccinations. The medical and scientific evidence is that the benefits of preventing suffering and death from infectious diseases outweigh rare adverse effects of immunization. Since vaccination began in the late 18th century, opponents have claimed that vaccines do notRead MoreGlobal Trend And The Issue Arising From Childhood Communicable Disease856 Words   |  4 Pagestrend of increase in preventable disease due to the rising standard of medical care and improvement in human living condition. With the implementation of routine immunization program, vaccines have been proved to be very successful in defending from childhood communicable disease. However, issue exists in the maintenance of immunization coverage. Anti-vaccers, which vary in their educational background, physical condition and financial situation, challenge the necessity, safety and tolerability ofRead MoreImmunizati ons And Vaccinations : A Hot Topic1426 Words   |  6 Pages Immunizations and Vaccinations: A Hot Topic Crystal L. Clauser Frostburg State University Immunizations and Vaccinations: A Hot Topic In the United States, the childhood immunization schedule recommends that children receive approximately 15 vaccinations by 19 months of age, and it specifies ages for administration of each vaccination dose (Luman, Barker, McCauley, Drews-Botsch, 2005, p. 1367). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a vaccine is a product thatRead MoreThe Modern Era Of Childhood Immunizations Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pagesmodern era of childhood immunizations, parents would have been surprised at the thought that future generations would be able to protect their children from many of the most serious childhood infectious diseases. The development of immunizations is fairly recent, but one of the greatest successes in medical history. Most parents in the United States understand how imperative childhood immunizations are, but there are some parents that still chose to not have their children immunized against theseRead MoreOutline Of A Child Immunization1072 Words   |   5 PagesChild Immunization: Diseases Becoming More Prevalent in Children Vaccines are crucial in a child s life. Immunizations and vaccines help prevent future diseases such as pneumonia, polio, and HPV. Polio is a disease that can cause paralysis (Poliomyelitis). This disease is most commonly found in Nigeria, Pakistan, and Afghanistan (Childhood). One out of every five children in Pakistan don t have their necessary vaccines and immunizations (Childhood). In rural areas 2/3 of their children don tRead MoreVaccines and Development of Autism1735 Words   |  7 Pagesthe past two decades, it has been rumored that the mercury content in commonly-recommended vaccines is responsible for the development of autism in young children. The rumor has caused many parents to deny their children the acceptance of vaccines such as the one given to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella. Despite the fact that scientific research has conclusively disproved the claims made against immunization, many new parents are choosing to raise their infants naturally, that is, with out injectingRead MoreThe Importance Of Child Immunization1701 Words   |  7 Pagesconvictions on each side, timely immunizations for children do more good then harm. Over the last few years, a phenomenon has come to our door steps. It used to be that all parents would immunize their children, without fail, because doctors told them to. In the past, the only non-immunized children were the children with health deficiencies. These children depended on the â€Å"herd† mentality. However, times are changing and parents are choosing to not immunize their children mainly based on these reasons:

The Social Psychology of the Ethnic Group the Case of the Bosnian Serbs Free Essays

string(32) " to be divided in two sections\." Abstract: This is a qualitative study, which will focus on the psychology behind the formation of ethnic identities in former Yugoslavia. It will explore the identity of the Serbs in Bosnia and will look at their behaviour throughout the war in Bosnia through the prism of crowd behaviour. The essay will examine the internal, as well as external characteristics of the Serbs as an ethnic and social group, and will reveal how their collective identity has been created through the manipulation of certain historical and political factors. We will write a custom essay sample on The Social Psychology of the Ethnic Group: the Case of the Bosnian Serbs or any similar topic only for you Order Now The study will aim to propose an innovative approach to understanding crowd behaviour. It will consider the dynamics of external events and their recreation in the political discourse at the time from a constructivist point of view. 1. Introduction and overview Understanding the psychology of the crowd in a particular historical and political context may lead to a variety of questions. They are mostly related to the creation of collective identities and the manipulation of these identities to fit certain political realities. A complex and fluid matter, social and crowd identity are often wrongly perceived as static and exceedingly given or attributed to a certain group of people. In the study of modern conflicts, group behaviour is a milestone for the proper assessment of the factors, which might lead to a social or political clash. 1.1 Background and Rationale In the early 1990s, the world witnessed the demise of the Yugoslav federation, which was accompanied with bloodshed and ethnic clashes between different communities residing in the former Yugoslavia. Under the leadership of Slobodan Milosevic, certain ethnic groups were opposed to others, as a result of political manipulation of historical and social factors (Crampton, 2002; Perry, 1998). This dissertation will attempt to address the issues behind the violent clashes in Yugoslavia, which took place between 1992 and 1995 through the prism of group behaviour and the formation of identities. It will assess the importance of historical conditions and events in the context of a wider socio-historical group dynamics, based on collective perceptions, created by political elites. 1.2 Proposed structure of the dissertation The dissertation will be divided in the following chapters: introduction; chapter for the research aims and objectives, pursued by this study and the specific research questions, it is looking to explore; literature review section, which will highlight critically main works in the field of social psychology, as well as ethnicity and culture conflict. The literature review will be followed by a methodology and research design section, focusing on the methods chosen for this research projects and their reliability. A separate section on ethics and ethical consideration will be included, followed by data presentation chapter, which will summarize the results of the research. The discussion chapter will focus on the consistency of the results and their relevance to the findings from the literature review. The last chapter will provide conclusions and recommendations, and will give a brief summary of the findings. Additionally, it will make recommendations based on these findings. 2. Research Aims/ Objectives 2.1 General research aims This paper has the following research aims: To propose an explanation of the Bosnian Serb conflict through Reicher’s theoretical framework for the flexibility of the crowd To identify the specifics of the processes, which have led to the creation of ethnic identity and the existence of this identity as a constructive, or destructive one 2.2 Research questions/hypothesis This dissertation will focus on the formation of ethnic identities in the context of the Bosnian war. It will examine the psychology behind the creation of the Bosnian Serb identity as necessarily oppositional to the Muslim one, and will seek to explain the perceptions, which have led to the creation of this dominant identity. The study will attempt to show that ethnic identities are not fixed and they operate in a particular context, which is part of a wider process of individual self-identification. It will also explain how norms for ethnic behaviour are created by policy-makers in order to justify political agendas. 3. Novelty and importance of the proposed work 3.1 Significance of the topic The war in Bosnia, which led to the demise of former Yugoslavia, is perhaps one of the most poignant episodes in Eastern European history in the post Cold war era. The understanding of its causes and the events that took place remains one of the most challenging subjects for historians, and experts in conflict resolution and social psychology. The importance of the project is revealed through its implication of the group dynamics of ethnicities and ethnic identities in former Yugoslavia and Bosnia in particular, which might be crucial for understanding current ethnic conflicts; also, it focuses on an antagonistic relation between minority and majority groups – a strong and perpetuating opposition, which is even more discernible with the advent of globalization. Last but not least, this research project is significant because it explores a debatable and controversial question: are ethnicities fixed, or are they created in a certain historical and political settingThe study also reveals the parallel between ethnic and social behavior and the psychological mechanisms, which operate in the context of its creation. 3.2 Originality of study The study will attempt to provide an innovative framework of analysis, using a specific theory as a reference and a particular ethnic group as an example. The originality of this study lies in the application of a psychological model of group behaviour in the boundaries of a historically and culturally bound community. In the course of the project it will be revealed that mechanisms, which apply to the behaviour of the crowds, can also be applied in the context of ethnic groups. 4. Literature Review To summarize the literature in this field is a formidable task, because of the complexity of the issue, and therefore only key works will be considered. For clarity, the literature review needs to be divided in two sections. You read "The Social Psychology of the Ethnic Group: the Case of the Bosnian Serbs" in category "Essay examples" One section will critically approach works, related to crowd behaviour. A separate section will explain leading theories, related to ethnicity and ethnic conflict. Finally, gaps of research will be identified, and a theoretical framework proposed. 4.1 Crowd behaviour and identity In order to understand the complexity of the matter discussed in this paper, a close review of the literature related to crowd behaviour is necessary. Since the 1960s and 1970s, there is a general tendency towards understanding social identity not as necessarily historic and fixed. Authors such as King (1963) and Moore (1978) have reflected upon social behaviour as a result of external provocation. Additionally, authors such as Stephenson (1979), Graumann and Moscovici (1986) and Berkovitz (1968) have focused on the empirical dimensions of the crowd, but also on the internal factors behind collective behaviour. In their works the tendency towards the explaining the crowd in the process of its making becomes even more recognizable. In this study it is particularly important to mention the work of Lorenz (1966), who focuses on inborn, rather than acquired behavioural characteristics as determinants for aggression. These characteristics can be triggered in a particular social or cultural context. Despite the criticisms, that this study has raised, and despite the deceivingly primordial stance that it takes, it actually proposes a middle ground for understanding social identity and crowd behaviour, because it captures the fixed, as well as the instrumentalist side of social identity as a form of self-identification. It is interesting to note that while many scholars propose visions of how social identity came to exist in the format of the crowd, only few attempt to explain whether crowds are violent and destructive, or peaceful and constructive. In a more recent study Rheingold (2003) looks at the crowd as a potential social reformer and carrier of state transformation. Similarly, Surowiecki (2004) sees crowds as the expression of the customary belief, which can become the shaper of social norms. A vision of the constructive forces of the crowd shows the rationality behind crowd behaviour. Both Rheingold and Surowiecki emphasize that crowd behaviour can be shaped according to social norms and signals, in order to follow organized pattern. In this sense they also imply the notion of a modelled behaviour of the crowds. This idea is taken further by Reicher in his study of the crowds as respondents to particular events. Reicher (1996) makes a contribution by mentioning the importance of perceptions in crowd behaviour. The mere existence of the events as such is not important, until they are individually projected, experienced and absorbed. Their internalization by the each one of the individuals in the crowd is what triggers their sense of belonging to a certain crowd or group. The researcher has decided to use Reicher’s framework in this cross disciplinary study of ethnic identity and the behaviour of the crowd. 4.2 Ethnicity and identity The literature on the subject of ethnicity is complex and therefore the researcher has decided to separate the works in this field in several categories. Authors such as Crampton (2002) and Perry (1998) explain the formation of ethnic identities through the prism of history. On the other hand Denich (1994), Fowkes (2002) and Gordy (1999) focus on the materialistic, so to say aspects of ethnic identity and define the psychology behind it as a product of earlier conceptions of the Serbian states. A third group of scholars explain the formation of ethnicity as a construction, and the formation of ethnicity as an instrument for political or economic power. Authors like Oberschall (2000) and Shigeno (2004) focus on ethnic identity as a product, and not necessarily as a primordial characteristic. One of the challenges in this literature review was to find literature, which is related to both ethnicity and crowd behaviour. Perhaps one of the reasons is that very few, if any, scholars are willing to accept that certain ethnicities can be attributed the behavioural characteristics of the crowd. This paper will argue the opposite and the findings will attempt to fill the gaps in research. 6. Methodology and research design In order to meet the research aims of this paper, the author has decided to collect primary, as well as secondary data. Secondary data will come from the analysis of relevant literature such as journal articles and books. As a research method the author has decided to conduct ten interviews with Bosnian Serbs who fled after the war and have settled in London. The author has chosen interviews as a research method, because they provide the opportunity to explore abstract factors such as the people’s perceptions and visions throughout the wars. The interview also allows the participants to give a more detailed account of their experience throughout the war and the way the concept of their ethnicity has been represented by the Milosevic circle. One disadvantage of the interview as a research method however is that the data is often difficult to process, because of the unstructured answers of the participants. Its potential weaknesses as a method are also related to issues of subjectivity, because of its format (Bryman, 2008; Sarantakos, 2005). The interviews will be divided in two parts – part I will have demographic questions and part II will contain eight open-ended questions, which the participants will have to answer. The text of the interviews will be attached in appendix A. Possible limitations of this study might be related to time constraints, and finding and contacting participants. 7. Ethical considerations The researcher is aware of issues of confidentiality and privacy related to this study. The names of the participants in the project will be kept in anonymity and the interviews will be used for the purposes of this research only with their own consent. The participants were provided with all information about the purposes of the questionnaire. All research will be conducted in correspondence with ethical standards. Confidentiality and data protection standards will be met. The data collected throughout the survey will be used only for research purposes, and after a set period it will be destroyed. Also, the researcher is aware that the subject, on which the participants will be interviewed is sensitive one and requires considerate way of asking the questions. 8. Conclusion and recommendations This chapter needs to summarize the findings of the paper, and to make recommendations based on these findings. In this case, the recommendations will be related to the future study of ethnic conflicts and the sociology of civil clashes for example, such as riots and protests. Also, fields of further research need to be identified. The researcher might also share what improvements she has made as far as her research skills/methods are concerned. Bibliography Bryman, A. (2008) Social Research Methods Oxford: Oxford University Press Crampton, R.J. (2002). The Balkans Since the Second World War, London: Pearson Education Limited, p. 245-266 Denich, B. (1994) â€Å"Dismembering Yugoslavia: Nationalist Ideologies and the Symbolic Revival of Genocide†, American Ethnologist 21 (2): p. 367-390 Available at:http://www.jstor.org/pss/645894 Gordy, E. (1999) The Culture of Power in Serbia: Nationalism and the Destruction of Alternatives. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press Graumann, C. F. and Moscovici, S. (1986). Changing conceptions of crowd mind and behaviour. New York: Springer Verlag Fowkes, B. (2002) Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflict in the Post-Communist World. (Anthony Rowe Ltd. Chippenham: Wiltshire King, M. L. (1963). Why we can’t wait. New York: Mentor Berkowitz, L. (1968), â€Å"The Study of Urban Violence: Some Implications of Laboratory Studies of Frustration and Aggression† , American Behavioural Scientist, 11:4 (Mar./Apr.) p.0 Lorenz, K. (1966) On Aggression. NY: Haircourt, Brace and World Moore, B. (1978). Injustice: The Social Bases of Obedience and Revolt, NY, White Plains: M.E. Sharpe Oberschall, A. (2000) â€Å"The Manipulation of Ethnicity: From Ethnic Cooperation to Violence and War in Yugoslavia† Ethnic and Racial Studies, 01419870, November 2000, Vol. 23, Issue 6 Available at: http://web.ebscohost.com.library3.webster.edu/ehost/pdf?vid=6hid=17sid=595f224b-9111-480e-94de-9882abda79b5%40sessionmgr8 Perry, D. (1998) â€Å"Conflicting Ambitions and Shared Fates: the Past, Present and Future of Albanians and Macedonians†. Central Washington University Reicher, S.D (1996) â€Å"The Battle of Westminster‘: developing the social identity model of crowd behaviour in order to explain the initiation and development of collective conflict†. CCC OO46-2772/96/010115-20 01996 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Rheingold, H. (2003) Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution, London: Basic Books Sarantakos, S. (2005). Social Research, Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan Shigeno,R. (2004). â€Å"Nationalism and Serbian Intellectuals† Perspective on European Politics and Society, 5:1 Kononklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands, 138 (JSTOR) Surowiecki, J. (2004) The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies and Nations. New York: Double Day How to cite The Social Psychology of the Ethnic Group: the Case of the Bosnian Serbs, Essay examples

Electromagnetism Investigation Essay Research Paper Physics free essay sample

Electromagnetism Investigation Essay, Research Paper Physics # 8211 ; Electromagnetism Planning Previous Scientific Knowledge. When insulated wire is wrapped round an Fe nail and the terminals of the wire are connected to a battery the nail becomes capable of picking up Fe filings and paper cartridge holders. This is called an electromagnet. The nail is magnetised by the current in the wire. If the battery is disconnected so the Fe cartridge holders will fall off. This is because most of the magnetic attraction has been lost. The transition of an electric current along a wire creates a magnetic field around the wire. The Fieldss are in the form of a series of homocentric rings. The more spirals used in the electromagnet, the stronger the magnet is. If there is one spiral, and another is added, so the two spirals have twice the strength of one. This is because the current traveling through the wire makes the soft-iron nucleus is the factor that induces electromagnetism, as so when there is more current, there will be more wire or or a more magnetic nucleus. We will write a custom essay sample on Electromagnetism Investigation Essay Research Paper Physics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Magnets were formed when certain liquefied metals, ( Fe, Ni and Co, ) cool. Normally when the atoms in a non magnetic crystallise, the atoms point in random waies. But because of the belongingss of the metals mentioned, these atoms line up into parts of the magnetic with similar waies called spheres. This is because the Earth has a magnetic field, and the atoms in the metal all follow the these magnetic lines and organize these spheres. This is similar to what happens when an electromagnet is formed. Prediction I think that the more current that goes through the wire, the greater the electromagnetic pull of the soft-iron nucleus will be. This is because the current traveling through the wire makes the soft-iron nucleus is the factor that induces electromagnetism, as so when there is more current, there will be more electromagnetism. This is the same with the the figure of spirals, erectile dysfunction with the electromagnet, the more power is returned. The return and investing are n on straight relative. I think this because of the aforesaid scientific cognition. Aim In this experiment we want to prove the power of an electromagnet when the: -number of spirals are varied -when the sum of current is varied Preliminary Experiment. In this experiment we experimented with different ways of proving the strength of the electromagnet. We besides discovered which was the best nucleus to utilize, how many spirals to utilize, when the wire melted, and which was the best current to utilize. We did this by puting up the experiment as shown below and so altering different factors in it, such as the nucleus and figure of spirals. Apparatus Electromagnet. Crocodile 2.5 M Wire Ammeter Small Yellow Connector wire. Power Pack Soft Iron Core Method-Experiment 1 1 ) A 2.5 thousand electrical wire will be coiled about around a soft-iron nucleus 30 times. 2 ) Crocodile cartridge holders will be connected to yellow linking wires at each terminal. 3 ) These together with the ammeter w ill be connected up to the power supply as shown in the circuit diagram. 4 ) A fixed sum of Fe filings will be poured over the electromagnet with the power switched on. 5 ) The wire will be shaken until no more iron filings come away. 6 ) The power will be turned off. All of the Fe filings that bead off will be weighed. I will change merely the current in this experiment. All other factors will be kept changeless. I will mensurate the sum of Fe filings at 1,2,3,4 A ; 5 As. I will reiterate each experiment three times for truth. Method-Experiment 2 1 ) A 2.5 thousand electrical wire wil l be coiled around around a 2) Crocodile clips will be connected to yellow connecting wires at each end. 3) These together with the ammeter will be connected up to the power supply as shown in the circuit diagram. 4) A fixed amount of iron filings will be poured over the electromagnet with the power switched on. 5) The wire will be shaken until no more iron filings come off. 6) The power will be turned off. All of the iron filings that drop off will be weighed. I will vary only the number of coils in this experiment. All other factors will be kept constant. I will measure the amount of iron filings at 10,20,30,40 50 coils of wire. I will repeat each experiment twice for accuracy. X will be equal to 10,20,30,40 50 coils of wire. Safety Precautions We will make sure that there is no bare insulation or any water near any electricatical equipment to prevent electroc Bibliography I used Key Science: Physics to help me with my planning. Note I might need to repeat some results that sho w no correlation to the other results, if they are drastically wrong. Factors Affecting The Experiment: 1) Current- This will change in one experiment. This will be kept constant by observing the ammeter and correcting any fluctuations on the D.C power pack. 2) Magnetic strength of the Soft-Iron Core. This will affect the power of theelectromagnet. It will be kept constant by using the same soft-iron core. 3)Way in which the wire is coiled. If the coils are coiled towards end, then one end will be more powerful than the other, and affect the results. I will try to keep the shape of the coils uniform. 4) Way in which the iron filings are shaken. The harder the the magnet is shaken, then the more iron filings will be dropped, and the more the weight will change. Analysing Evidence Clear Patterns: Method-Experiment 1 Here there is a very clear curve a the beginning, but the final three amps there is a similar per amp rate of increase suggesting that unlike experiment 2. This shows that one amp does increase the magnetic power one unit- the more expended, the same return on the investment. It is dissimilar to a thermistor current vs. resistance graph, and similar to a resistor current vs. resistance graph. Conclusions-Experiment 1 The Scientific Explanation-Experiment 1 As the current is passed on to the wire, it becomes a magnet itself, in accordance with the right hand rule. It magnetises the OsubstanceO at the core. Inside the OsubstanceO there are domains. When they are magnetised they aligned themselves onto the same direction , making it magnetic, This needs energy to perform and maintain the process, it is not cumulative so the more energy put into it the more will come out. Clear Patterns: Method-Experiment 2 This is similar to experiment one, except there is a curve is. Here there is a very clear curve. It starts very closely and then raises increasingly rapidly. It starts of very slowly and then as more power is put in, it rises faster and faster. This s hows that one coil does not increase the magnetic power one unit- the m Conclusions-Experiment 2 The number of coil around an electromagnet is not proportional to the electromagnetic strength. Scientific Explanation-Experiment 2 When more coils are in contact with the core, which is what the experiment shows, more area of interaction is available, allowing more domains to be magnetised quicker than if the area is smaller. So if there is more area, the magnetic area will become stronger. there is a kind of activation energy.